Mdrive™ PrimeForce is a dietary supplement that helps men maintain all day energy, and support healthy normal testosterone levels and sexual health. It also includes ashwagandha, called an adaptogen, an herbal extract that helps normalize body imbalances.

Level 2 – Claims

1. Energy, sex drive, and stamina
2. Healthy testosterone support
3. Immune support
4. Reduces stress
5. Maintains healthy cortisol level

STRONGSCIENCE Product Review MDrive™ WorkForce Product

Reference

1. Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database http://naturaldatabase.therapeuticresearch.com/nd/Search.aspx?cs=&s=ND&pt=9&Product=Ashwagandha&btnSearch.x=7&btnSearch.y=10, last updated on 10/31/2017.
2. Vitamin D dosing: an update. Pharmacist’s Letter/Prescriber’s Letter 2010;26(7):260707.
3. Dawson-Hughes B, Harris SS, Krall EA, Dallal GE. Effect of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on bone density in men and women 65 years of age or older. N Engl J Med 1997;337:670-6. View abstract.
4. Chapuy MC, Arlot ME, Duboeuf F, et al. Vitamin D3 and calcium to prevent hip fractures in elderly women. N Engl J Med 1992;327:1637-42. View abstract.
5. Minne HW, Pfeifer M, Begerow B, et al. Vitamin D and calcium supplementation reduces falls in elderly women via improvement of body sway and normalization of blood pressure: a prospective, randomized, and double-blind study. Abstracts World Congress on Osteoporosis 2000.
6. Chapuy MC, Pamphile R, Paris E, et al. Combined calcium and vitamin D3 supplementation in elderly women: confirmation of reversal of secondary hyperparathyroidism and hip fracture risk: the Decalyos II study. Osteoporos Int 2002;13:257-64. View abstract.
7. Meyer H, Smedshaug GB, Kvaavik E, et al. Can vitamin D supplementation reduce the risk fracture in the elderly? A randomized controlled trial. J Bone Miner Res 2002;17:709-15. View abstract.
8. NIH Consensus Development Panel on Osteoporosis Prevention, Diagnosis, and Therapy. Osteoporosis prevention, diagnosis, and therapy. JAMA 2001;285:785-95. View abstract.
9. National Osteoporosis Foundation. Physician’s Guide to Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis. Universal Recommendations for All Patients. Available at: http://www.nof.org/physguide/univeral_recommendations.htm#adequate. (Accessed 14 May 2005).
10. Larsen ER, Mosekilde L, Foldspang A. Vitamin D and calcium supplementation prevents osteoporotic fractures in elderly community-dwelling residents: a pragmatic population-based 3-year intervention study. J Bone Miner Res 2004;19:370-8. View abstract.
11. Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Willett WC, Wong JB, et al. Fracture prevention with vitamin D supplementation: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. JAMA 2005;293:2257-64. View abstract
12. Boonen S, Body JJ, Boutsen Y, et al. Evidence-based guidelines for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis: a consensus document of the Belgian Bone Club. Osteoporos Int 2005;16:239-54. View abstract.
13. Papadimitropoulos E, Wells G, Shea B, et al. Meta-analyses of therapies for postmenopausal osteoporosis. VIII: Meta-analysis of the efficacy of vitamin D treatment in preventing osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Endocr Rev 2002;23:560-9. View abstract.
14. Dawson-Hughes B, Heaney RP, Holick MF, et al. Estimates of optimal vitamin D status. Osteoporos Int 2005;16:713-6. View abstract.
15. Jackson RD, LaCroix AZ, Gass M. Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and the risk of fractures. N Engl J Med 2006;354:669-83. View abstract.
16. Boonen S, Lips P, Bouillon R, et al. Need for additional calcium to reduce the risk of hip fracture with vitamin D supplementation: evidence from a comparative meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007;92:1415-23. View abstract.
17. New 2010 Vitamin D Recommendations. Osteoporosis Canada, July 2010. Available at: http://www.osteoporosis.ca/index.php/ci_id/5536/la_id/1.htm.
18. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1999. Available at: http://books.nap.edu/books/0309063507/html/index.html.
19. Diamond TH, Ho KW, Rohl PG, Meerkin M. Annual intramuscular injection of a megadose of cholecalciferol for treatment of vitamin D deficiency: efficacy and safety data. Med J Aust 2005;183:10-2. View abstract.
20. Cava RC, Javier AN. Vitamin D deficiency [editorial]. N Engl J Med 2007;357:1981. View abstract.
21. Manson JE, Brannon PM, Rosen CJ, Taylor CL. Vitamin D Deficiency – Is There Really a Pandemic? N Engl J Med. 2016; 375(19):1817-1820. View abstract
22. Balion, C., Griffith, L. E., Strifler, L., Henderson, M., Patterson, C., Heckman, G., Llewellyn, D. J., and Raina, P. Vitamin D, cognition, and dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurology 9-25-2012;79(13):1397-1405. View abstract.
23. Kenny AM, Biskup B, Robbins B, et al. Effects of vitamin D supplementation on strength, physical function, and health perception in older, community-dwelling men. J Am Geriatr Soc 2003;51:1762-7. View abstract.
24. Stockton, K. A., Mengersen, K., Paratz, J. D., Kandiah, D., and Bennell, K. L. Effect of vitamin D supplementation on muscle strength: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Osteoporos.Int 2011;22(3):859-871. View abstract.
25. Beaudart C, Buckinx F, Rabenda V, Gillain S, Cavalier E, Slomian J, Petermans J, Reginster JY, Bruyère O. The effects of vitamin D on skeletal muscle strength, muscle mass, and muscle power: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014 Nov;99(11):4336-45. View abstract.
26. Pfeifer, M., Begerow, B., Minne, H. W., Suppan, K., Fahrleitner-Pammer, A., and Dobnig, H. Effects of a long-term vitamin D and calcium supplementation on falls and parameters of muscle function in community-dwelling older individuals. Osteoporos.Int 2009;20(2):315-322. View abstract.
27. Zhu, K., Austin, N., Devine, A., Bruce, D., and Prince, R. L. A randomized controlled trial of the effects of vitamin D on muscle strength and mobility in older women with vitamin D insufficiency. J Am Geriatr.Soc. 2010;58(11):2063-2068. View abstract.
28. Dhesi, J. K., Jackson, S. H., Bearne, L. M., Moniz, C., Hurley, M. V., Swift, C. G., and Allain, T. J. Vitamin D supplementation improves neuromuscular function in older people who fall. Age Ageing 2004;33(6):589-595. View abstract.
29. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1999. Available at: http://books.nap.edu/books/0309063507/html/index.html.
30. Holick MF. Vitamin D: importance in the prevention of cancers, type 1 diabetes, heart disease, and osteoporosis. Am J Clin Nutr 2004;79:362-71.. View abstract.
31. Shearer MJ. The roles of vitamins D and K in bone health and osteoporosis prevention. Proc Nutr Sci 1997;56:915-37. View abstract
32. Need AG, Horowitz M, Morris HA, Nordin BEC. Vitamin D status: effects on parathyroid hormone and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in postmenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;71:1577-81. View abstract
33. Pfeifer M, Begerow B, Minne HW. Vitamin D and muscle function. Osteoporos Int 2002;13:187-94. . View abstract
34. Prabhala A, Garg R, Dandona P. Severe myopathy associated with vitamin D deficiency in western New York. Arch Intern Med 2000; 160:1199–203. . View abstract.
35. Pfeifer M, Begerow B, Minne HW, et al. Effects of a short-term vitamin D and calcium supplementation on body sway and secondary hyperparathyroidism in elderly women. J Bone Miner Res 2000;15:1113-8.. View abstract.
36. Dhesi JK, Bearne LM, Moniz C, et al. Neuromuscular and psychomotor function in elderly subjects who fall and the relationship with vitamin D status. J Bone Miner Res 2002;17:891-7 . View abstract.
37. Baker K, Zhang YQ, Goggins J, et al. Hypovitaminosis D and its association with muscle strength, pain, and physical function in knee osteoarthritis (OA). American College of Rheumatology Meeting; San Antonio, Texas, October 16-21, 2004. Abstract 1755.
38. Merlino LA, Curtis J, Mikuls TR, et al. Vitamin D intake is inversely associated with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2004;50:72-7. View abstract.
39. Dietary reference intakes for calcium and vitamin D. Institute of Medicine, November 30, 2010. Available at: http://www.iom.edu/~/media/Files/Report%20Files/2010/Dietary-Reference-Intakes-for-Calcium-and-Vitamin-D/Vitamin%20D%20and%20Calcium%202010%20Report%20Brief.pdf.
40. McEvoy GK, ed. AHFS Drug Information. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 1998.
41. Paltiel O, Falutz J, Veilleux M, et al. Clinical correlates of subnormal vitamin B12 levels in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. Am J Hematol 1995;49:318-22. View abstract.
42. Carlsen SM, Folling I, Grill V, et al. Metformin increases total homocysteine levels in non-diabetic male patients with coronary heart disease. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1997;57:521-7. View abstract.
43. Kanai T, Takagi T, Masuhiro K, et al. Serum vitamin K level and bone mineral density in post-menopausal women. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 1997;56:25-30. View abstract.
44. Singh RB, Niaz MA, Sharma JP, et al. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of fish oil and mustard oil in patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction: the Indian experiment of infarct survival-4. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 1997;11:485-91. View abstract.
45. Yamadera W, Sasaki M, Itoh H, et al. Clinical features of circadian rhythm sleep disorders in outpatients. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 1998;52:311-6. View abstract.
46. Okawa M, Uchiyama M, Ozaki S, et al. Circadian rhythm sleep disorders in adolescents: clinical trials of combined treatments based on chronobiology. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 1998;52:483-90. View abstract.
47. Okawa M, Takahashi K, Egashira K, et al. Vitamin B12 treatment for delayed sleep phase syndrome: a multi-center double-blind study. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 1997;51:275-9. View abstract.
48. Yamadera H, Takahashi K, Okawa M. A multicenter study of sleep-wake rhythm disorders: therapeutic effects of vitamin B12, bright light therapy, chronotherapy and hypnotics. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 1996;50:203-9. View abstract.
49. Ohta T, Ando K, Iwata T, et al. Treatment of persistent sleep-wake schedule disorders in adolescents with methylcobalamin (vitamin B12). Sleep 1991;14:414-8. View abstract.
50. Mayer G, Kroger M, Meier-Ewert K. Effects of vitamin B12 on performance and circadian rhythm in normal subjects. Neuropsychopharmacology 1996;15:456-64. View abstract.
51. Houston DK, Johnson MA, Nozza RJ, et al. Age-related hearing loss, vitamin B-12, and folate in elderly women. Am J Clin Nutr 1999;69:564-71. View abstract.
52. Kuzminski AM, Del Giacco EJ, et al. Effective treatment of cobalamin deficiency with oral cobalamin. Blood 1998;92:1191-1198. View abstract.
53. Andres E, Kurtz JE, Perrin AE, et al. Oral cobalamin therapy for the treatment of patients with food-cobalamin malabsorption. Am J Med 2001;111:126-9. View abstract.
54. Lederle FA. Oral cobalamin for pernicious anemia. Medicine’s best-kept secret? JAMA 1991;265:94-5. View abstract.
55. Elia M. Oral or parenteral therapy for B12 deficiency. Lancet 1998;352:1721-2. View abstract.
56. Andres E, Goichot B, Schlienger JL. Food-cobalamin malabsorption: a usual cause of vitamin B12 deficiency. Arch Intern Med 2000;160:2061-2. View abstract.
57. Verhaeverbeke I, Mets T, Mulkens K, Vandewoude M. Normalization of low vitamin B12 serum levels in older people by oral treatment. J Am Geriatr S
58. Allen LH, Casterline J. Vitamin B-12 deficiency in elderly individuals: diagnosis and requirements. Am J Clin Nutr 1994;60:12-14. View abstract.
59. Hathcock JN, Troendle GJ. Oral cobalamin for treatment of pernicious anemia? JAMA 1991;265:96-97. View abstract.
60. Line DH, Seitanidis B, Morgan JO, Hoffbrand AV. The effects of chemotherapy on iron, folate, and vitamin B12 metabolism in tuberculosis. Q J Med 1971;40:331-40. View abstract.
61. Rajan, S., Wallace, J. I., Brodkin, K. I., Beresford, S. A., Allen, R. H., and Stabler, S. P. Response of elevated methylmalonic acid to three dose levels of oral cobalamin in older adults. J Am Geriatr.Soc 2002;50(11):1789-1795. View abstract.
62. Kaltenbach, G., Noblet-Dick, M., Andres, E., Barnier-Figue, G., Noel, E., Vogel, T., Perrin, A. E., Martin-Hunyadi, C., Berthel, M., and Kuntzmann, F. [Early response to oral cobalamin therapy in older patients with vitamin B12 deficiency]. Ann.Med.Interne (Paris) 2003;154(2):91-95. View abstract.
63. Bolaman, Z., Kadikoylu, G., Yukselen, V., Yavasoglu, I., Barutca, S., and Senturk, T. Oral versus intramuscular cobalamin treatment in megaloblastic anemia: a single-center, prospective, randomized, open-label study. Clin Ther 2003;25(12):3124-3134. View abstract.
64. Kaltenbach, G., Noblet-Dick, M., Andres, E., Barnier-Figue, G., Noel, E., and Vogel, T. Reponse precoce au traitement oral par vitamine B12 chez des sujets ages hypovitaminiques. Annales de Medecine Interne (Paris) 2003;154:91-95.
65. , Kaltenbach, G., Noblet-Dick, M., Noel, E., Vinzio, S., Perrin, A. E., Berthel, M., and Blickle, J. F. Hematological response to short-term oral cyanocobalamin therapy for the treatment of cobalamin deficiencies in elderly patients. J Nutr Health Aging 2006;10(1):3-6. View abstract.
66. Eussen SJ, de Groot LC, Clarke R, et al. Oral cyanocobalamin supplementation in older people with vitamin B12 deficiency: A dose-finding trial. Arch Intern Med 2005;165:1167-72. View abstract.
67. McMahon JA, Green TJ, Skeaff CM, Knight RG, Mann JI, Williams SM. A controlled trial of homocysteine lowering and cognitive performance. N Engl J Med 2006;354:2764-72. View abstract.
68. van der Zwaluw NL, Dhonukshe-Rutten RA, van Wijngaarden JP, et al. Results of a 2-year vitamin B treatment on cognitive performance: secondary data from an RCT. Neurology 2014;83(23):2158-66. View abstract.
69. Kwok T, Tang C, Woo J, et al. Randomized trial of the effect of supplementation on the cognitive function of older people with subnormal cobalamin levels. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 1998;13:611-6.
70. McEvoy GK, ed. AHFS Drug Information. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 1998.
71. Stehouwer CD. Clinical relevance of hyperhomocysteinaemia in atherothrombotic disease. Drugs and Aging 2000;16:251-60.. View abstract.
72. Yamadera W, Sasaki M, Itoh H, et al. Clinical features of circadian rhythm sleep disorders in outpatients. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 1998;52:311-6. View abstract.
73. Okawa M, Uchiyama M, Ozaki S, et al. Circadian rhythm sleep disorders in adolescents: clinical trials of combined treatments based on chronobiology. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 1998;52:483-90. View abstract.
74. Okawa M, Takahashi K, Egashira K, et al. Vitamin B12 treatment for delayed sleep phase syndrome: a multi-center double-blind study. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 1997;51:275-9. View abstract.
75. Yamadera H, Takahashi K, Okawa M. A multicenter study of sleep-wake rhythm disorders: therapeutic effects of vitamin B12, bright light therapy, chronotherapy and hypnotics. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 1996;50:203-9. View abstract.
76. Ohta T, Ando K, Iwata T, et al. Treatment of persistent sleep-wake schedule disorders in adolescents with methylcobalamin (vitamin B12). Sleep 1991;14:414-8. View abstract.
77. Hathcock JN, Troendle GJ. Oral cobalamin for treatment of pernicious anemia? JAMA 1991;265:96-97. View abstract.
78. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://books.nap.edu/books/0309065542/html/.
79. Benito-Leon J, Porta-Etessam J. Shaky-leg syndrome and vitamin B12 deficiency. N Engl J Med 2000;342:981. View abstract.
80. Booth GL, Wang EE. Preventive health care, 2000 update: screening and management of hyperhomocysteinemia for the prevention of coronary artery disease events. The Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care. CMAJ 2000;163:21-9. View abstract.
81. Tremblay R, Bonnardeaux A, Geadah D, et al. Hyperhomocystinemia in hemodialysis patients: effects of 12-month supplementation with hydrosoluble vitamins. Kidney Int 2000;58:851-8. View abstract.
82. Manns B, Hyndman E, Burgess E, et al. Oral vitamin B(12) and high-dose folic acid in hemodialysis patients with hyper-homocyst(e)inemia. Kidney Int 2001;59:1103-9. View abstract.
83. Beaulieu AJ, Gohh RY, Han H, et al. Enhanced reduction of fasting total homocysteine levels with supraphysiological versus standard multivitamin dose folic acid supplementation in renal transplant recipients. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1999;19:2918-21. View abstract.
84. Deutch B, Jorgensen EB, Hansen JC. n-3 PUFA from fish or seal oil reduces atherogenic risk indicators in Danish women. Nutr Res 2000;20:1065-77.
85. Bostom A, Shemin D, Gohh R, et al. Treatment of mild hyperhomocysteinemia in renal transplant recipients versus hemodialysis patients. Transplantation 2000;69:2128-31. View abstract
86. Dierkes J, Domrose U, Bosselmann P, et al. Homocysteine lowering effect of different multivitamin preparations in patients with end-stage renal disease. J Renal Nutr 2001;11:67-72. View abstract.
87. Bostom AG, Shemin D, Gohh RY, et al. Treatment of hyperhomocysteinemia in hemodialysis patients and renal transplant recipients. Kidney Int 2001;59:s246-s252. View abstract.
88. Seal EC, Metz J, Flicker L, Melny J. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of oral vitamin B12 supplementation in older patients with subnormal or borderline serum vitamin B12 concentrations. J Am Geriatr Soc 2002;50:146-51. View abstract.
89. McMahon JA, Green TJ, Skeaff CM, Knight RG, Mann JI, Williams SM. A controlled trial of homocysteine lowering and cognitive performance. N Engl J Med 2006;354:2764-72. View abstract.
90. Stucker M, Pieck C, Stoerb C, et al. Topical vitamin B12 – a new therapeutic approach in atopic dermatitis – evaluation of efficacy and tolerability in a randomized placebo-controlled multicentre clinical trial. Br J Dematol 2004;150:977-83. View abstract
91. Uhl, W., Nolting, A., Golor, G., Rost, K. L., and Kovar, A. Safety of hydroxocobalamin in healthy volunteers in a randomized, placebo-controlled study. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2006;44 Suppl 1:17-28. View abstract.
92. Rocco A, Compare D, Coccoli P, et al. Vitamin B12 supplementation improves rates of sustained vital response in patients chronically infected with hepatitis C virus.
93. Chien X. X., Zafra-Stone S., Bagchi M., Bagchi, D. “Bioavailability, antioxidant and immune-enhancing properties of zinc methionine”, BioFactors 27 (2006) pp.231-244
94. Prasad A. S., Mantzoros, C. S., Beck F. W. J., Hess J. W., Brewer, G. J., “Zinc Status and Serum Testosterone Levels of Healthy Adults”, Nutrition 12 (1996) pp 344-348
95. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2002. Available at: nap.edu/books/0309072794/html/.
96. Burnham TH, ed. Drug Facts and Comparisons, Updated Monthly. Facts and Comparisons, St. Louis, MO.
97. Wong WY, Merkus HM, Thomas CM, et al. Effects of folic acid and zinc sulfate on male factor subfertility: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Fertil Steril 2002;77:491-8.. View abstract.
98. Netter, A., Hartoma, R., and Nahoul, K. Effect of zinc administration on plasma testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, and sperm count. Arch Androl 1981;7(1):69-73. View abstract.
99. Azizollahi G, Azizollahi S, Babaei H, Kianinejad M, Baneshi MR, Nematollahi-mahani SN. Effects of supplement therapy on sperm parameters, protamine content and acrosomal integrity of varicocelectomized subjects. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2013;30(4):593-9. View abstract.
100. Brook AC, Johnston DG, Ward MK, et al. Absence of a therapeutic effect of zinc in the sexual dysfunction of haemodialysed patients Lancet 1980;2:618-20. View abstract.
101. Goldiner WH, Hamilton BP, Hyman PD, Russell RM. Effect of the administration of zinc sulfate on hypogonadism and impotence in patients with chronic stable hepatic cirrhosis. J Am Coll Nutr 1983;2:157-62. View abstract.
102. Khedun SM, Naicker T, Maharaj B. Zinc, hydrochlorothiazide and sexual dysfunction. Cent Afr J Med 1995;41:312-5. View abstract.
103. Mahajan SK, Abbasi AA, Prasad AS, et al. Effect of oral zinc therapy on gonadal function in hemodialysis patients. A double-blind study. Ann Intern Med 1982;97:357-61. View abstract.
104. Rodger RS, Sheldon WL, Watson MJ, et al. Zinc deficiency and hyperprolactinaemia are not reversible causes of sexual dysfunction in uraemia. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1989;4:888-92. View abstract.
105. Antoniou LD, Shalhoub RJ, Sudhakar T, Smith JC Jr. Reversal of uraemic impotence by zinc. Lancet 1977;2:895-8. View abstract.
106. Paradiso, Galatioto G., Gravina, G. L., Angelozzi, G., Sacchetti, A., Innominato, P. F., Pace, G., Ranieri, G., and Vicentini, C. May antioxidant therapy improve sperm parameters of men with persistent oligospermia after retrograde embolization for varicocele? World J Urol. 2008;26(1):97-102. View abstract.
107. Vecchio, M., Navaneethan, S. D., Johnson, D. W., Lucisano, G., Graziano, G., Querques, M., Saglimbene, V., Ruospo, M., Bonifati, C., Jannini, E. A., and Strippoli, G. F. Treatment options for sexual dysfunction in patients with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2010;5(6):985-995. View abstract.
108. Sprenger, K. B., Schmitz, J., Hetzel, D., Bundschu, D., and Franz, H. E. Zinc and sexual dysfunction. Contrib.Nephrol. 1984;38:119-128. View abstract.
109. Tremellen, K., Miari, G., Froiland, D., and Thompson, J. A randomized control trial examining the effect of an antioxidant (Menevit) on pregnancy outcome during IVF-ICSI treatment. Aust.N.Z.J Obstet.Gynaecol. 2007;47(3):216-221. View abstract.8621.
110. Grahn BH, Paterson PG, Gottschall-Pass KT, Zhang Z. Zinc and the eye. J Am Coll Nutr 2001;20:106-18. View abstract
111. Freake HC, Govoni KE, Guda K, et al. Actions and interactions of thyroid hormone and zinc status in growing rats. J Nutr 2001;4:1135-41.. View abstract
112. Barceloux DG. Zinc. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1999;37:279-92. View abstract.
113. Lopez de Romana D, Lonnerdal B, Brown KH. Absorption of zinc from wheat products fortified with iron and either zinc sulfate or zinc oxide. Am J Clin Nutr 2003;78:279-83.. View abstract.
114. Shankar AH, Prasad AS. Zinc and immune function: the biological basis of altered resistance to infection. Am J Clin Nutr 1998;68:447S-63S. View abstract.
115. Prasad AS. Zinc and immunity. Mol Cell Biochem 1998;188:63-9. View abstract
116. Siberry GK, Ruff AJ, Black R. Zinc and human immunodeficiency virus infection. Nutr Res 2002;22:527-38.
117. Hunt CD, Johnson PE, Herbel J, Mullen LK. Effects of dietary zinc depletion on seminal volume and zinc loss, serum testosterone concentrations, and sperm morphology in young men. Am J Clin Nutr 1992;56:148-57. View abstract.
118. Omu AE, Dashti H, Al-Othman S. Treatment of asthenozoospermia with zinc sulfate: andrological, immunological and obstetric outcome. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1998;79:179-84. View abstract.
119. Fuse H, Kazama T, Ohta S, Fujiuchi Y. Relationship between zinc concentrations in seminal plasma and various sperm parameters. Int Urol Nephrol 1999;31:401-8. View abstract.
120. Beutler KT, Pankewycz O, Brautigan DL. Equivalent uptake of organic and inorganic zinc by monkey kidney fibroblasts, human intestinal epithelial cells, or perfused mouse intestine. Biol Trace Elem Res 1998;61:19-31. View abstract.
121. Jafek BW, Linschoten M, Murrow BW. Zicam Induced Anosmia. American Rhinologic Society 49th Annual Fall Scientific Meeting abstract. Orlando, Florida. September 20, 2003. http://app.american-rhinologic.org/programs/2003ARSFallProgram071503.pdf (Accessed 24 November 2003).
122. Uebayashi H, Hatanaka T, Kanemura F, Tonosaki K. Acute anosmia in the mouse: behavioral discrimination among the four basic taste substances. Physiol Behav 2001;72:291-6.. View abstract.
123. McBride K, Slotnick B, Margolis FL. Does the intranasal application of zinc sulfate produce anosmia in the mouse? An olfactometric and anatomical study. Chem Senses 2003;28:659-70. View abstract.
124. Burd GD. Morphological study of the effects of intranasal zinc sulfate irrigation on the mouse olfactory epithelium and olfactory bulb. Microsc Res Tech 1993;24:195-213. View abstract.
125. Ducray A, Bondier JR, Michel G, et al. Recovery following peripheral destruction of olfactory neurons in young and adult mice. Eur J Neurosci 2002;15:1907-17. View abstract.
126. D, Rosenblatt JS. Peripheral olfactory deafferentation of the primary olfactory system in rats using ZnSO4 nasal spray with special reference to maternal behavior. Physiol Behav 1993;53:587-92. View abstract.
127. DeCook CA, Hirsch AR. Anosmia due to inhalational zinc: a case report (abstract). Chem Senses 2000;25:659.
128. Public Health Advisory. Loss of sense of smell with intranasal cold remedies containing zinc. U.S. Food and Drug Administration, June 16, 2009. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/PublicHealthAdvisories/ucm166059.htm (Accessed 16 June 2009).
129. Dooren JC. FDA warns against use of Zicam. The Wall Street Journal, June 16, 2009. Available at: http://online.wsj.com/article/SB124516778692319231.html#mod=djemHL?mg=com-wsj (Accessed 16 June 2009).
130. Alexander TH, Davidson TM. Intranasal zinc and anosmia: the zinc-induced anosmia syndrome. Laryngoscope 2006;116:217-20. View abstract.
131. Ding Y, Jia YY, Li F, et al. The effect of staggered administration of zinc sulfate on the pharmacokinetics of oral cephalexin. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2012 Mar;73(3):422-7. View abstract.

132. Durlach PJ. The effects of a low dose of caffeine on cognitive performance. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1998;140:116-9. View abstract.
133. Hindmarch I, Quinlan PT, Moore KL, Parkin C. The effects of black tea and other beverages on aspects of cognition and psychomotor performance. Psychopharmacol 1998;139:230-8. View abstract.
134. Haskell, C. F., Kennedy, D. O., Milne, A. L., Wesnes, K. A., and Scholey, A. B. The effects of L-theanine, caffeine and their combination on cognition and mood. Biol.Psychol. 2008;77(2):113-122. View abstract.
135. Peeling, P. and Dawson, B. Influence of caffeine ingestion on perceived mood states, concentration, and arousal levels during a 75-min university lecture. Adv.Physiol Educ. 2007;31(4):332-335. View abstract.
136. Michael, N., Johns, M., Owen, C., and Patterson, J. Effects of caffeine on alertness as measured by infrared reflectance oculography. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2008;200(2):255-260. View abstract.
137. Mednick, S. C., Cai, D. J., Kanady, J., and Drummond, S. P. Comparing the benefits of caffeine, naps and placebo on the verbal, motor and perceptual memory. Behav Brain Res 11-3-2008;193(1):79-86. View abstract.
138. Adan, A. and Serra-Grabulosa, J. M. Effects of caffeine and glucose, alone and combined, on cognitive performance. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2010;25(4):310-317. View abstract.
139. Olson, C. A., Thornton, J. A., Adam, G. E., and Lieberman, H. R. Effects of 2 adenosine antagonists, quercetin and caffeine, on vigilance and mood. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2010;30(5):573-578. View abstract.
140. Brunye, T. T., Mahoney, C. R., Lieberman, H. R., Giles, G. E., and Taylor, H. A. Acute caffeine consumption enhances the executive control of visual attention in habitual consumers. Brain Cogn 2010;74(3):186-192. View abstract.
141. Dawkins, L., Shahzad, F. Z., Ahmed, S. S., and Edmonds, C. J. Expectation of having consumed caffeine can improve performance and mood. Appetite 2011;57(3):597-600. View abstract.
142. Young HA, Benton D. Caffeine can decrease subjective energy depending on the vehicle with which it is consumed and when it is measured. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2013 Jul;228(2):243-54. doi: 10.1007/s00213-013-3025-9. Epub 2013 2. View abstract.
143. Ronen A, Oron-Gilad T, Gershon P. The combination of short rest and energy drink consumption as fatigue countermeasures during a prolonged drive of professional truck drivers. J Safety Res. 2014 Jun;49:39-43. doi: 10.1016/j.jsr.2014.02.006. Epub 2014 24. View abstract.
144. Rogers PJ, Heatherley SV, Mullings EL, Smith JE. Faster but not smarter: effects of caffeine and caffeine withdrawal on alertness and performance. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2013 Mar;226(2):229-40. doi: 10.1007/s00213-012-2889-4. Epub 2012 30. View abstract.
145. 10205Kamimori GH, Penetar DM, Headley DB, et al. Effect of three caffeine doses on plasma catecholamines and alertness during prolonged wakefulness. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2000;56:537-44.. View abstract.
146. 37716Lohi, J. J., Huttunen, K. H., Lahtinen, T. M., Kilpelainen, A. A., Muhli, A. A., and Leino, T. K. Effect of caffeine on simulator flight performance in sleep-deprived military pilot students. Mil.Med 2007;172(9):982-987. View abstract
147. Killgore, W. D., Rupp, T. L., Grugle, N. L., Reichardt, R. M., Lipizzi, E. L., and Balkin, T. J. Effects of dextroamphetamine, caffeine and modafinil on psychomotor vigilance test performance after 44 h of continuous wakefulness. J Sleep Res 2008;17(3):309-321. View abstract.
148. Killgore, W. D., Kahn-Greene, E. T., Grugle, N. L., Killgore, D. B., and Balkin, T. J. Sustaining executive functions during sleep deprivation: A comparison of caffeine, dextroamphetamine, and modafinil. Sleep 2-1-2009;32(2):205-216. View abstract.
149. Ker, K., Edwards, P. J., Felix, L. M., Blackhall, K., and Roberts, I. Caffeine for the prevention of injuries and errors in shift workers. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2010;(5):CD008508. View abstract.
150. Adan, A. and Serra-Grabulosa, J. M. Effects of caffeine and glucose, alone and combined, on cognitive performance. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2010;25(4):310-317. View abstract.
151. 38035Gevins, A., Smith, M. E., McEvoy, L. K., Ilan, A. B., Chan, C. S., Jiang, A., Sam-Vargas, L., and Abraham, G. A cognitive and neurophysiological test of change from an individual’s baseline. Clin.Neurophysiol. 2011;122(1):114-120. View abstract.
152. Serra-Grabulosa, J. M., Adan, A., Falcon, C., and Bargallo, N. Glucose and caffeine effects on sustained attention: an exploratory fMRI study. Hum.Psychopharmacol. 2010;25(7-8):543-552. View abstract.
153. Hartley SL, Barbot F, Machou M, Lejaille M, Moreau B, Vaugier I, Lofaso F, Quera-Salva MA. Combined caffeine and bright light reduce dangerous driving in sleep-deprived healthy volunteers: a pilot cross-over randomized controlled trial. Neurophysiol Clin. 2013;43(3):161-9. doi: 10.1016/j.neucli.2013.04.001. Epub 2013 26. View abstract.
154. Reyner LA, Horne JA. Sleep restriction and serving accuracy in performance tennis players, and effects of caffeine. Physiol Behav. 2013 Aug 15;120:93-6. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2013.07.002. Epub 2013 31. View abstract.
155. Greer F, Friars D, Graham TE. Comparison of caffeine and theophylline ingestion: exercise metabolism and endurance. J Appl Physiol 2000;89:1837-44. View abstract.
156. Institute of Medicine. Caffeine for the Sustainment of Mental Task Performance: Formulations for Military Operations. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2001. Available at: http://books.nap.edu/books/0309082587/html/index.html.
157. Doherty, M. and Smith, P. M. Effects of caffeine ingestion on exercise testing: a meta-analysis. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc.Metab 2004;14(6):626-646. View abstract.
158. Warren, G. L., Park, N. D., Maresca, R. D., McKibans, K. I., and Millard-Stafford, M. L. Effect of caffeine ingestion on muscular strength and endurance: a meta-analysis. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2010;42(7):1375-1387. View abstract.
159. Ping, W. C., Keong, C. C., and Bandyopadhyay, A. Effects of acute supplementation of caffeine on cardiorespiratory responses during endurance running in a hot & humid climate. Indian J Med Res 2010;132:36-41. View abstract.
160. Paton, C. D., Lowe, T., and Irvine, A. Caffeinated chewing gum increases repeated sprint performance and augments increases in testosterone in competitive cyclists. Eur.J Appl.Physiol 2010;110(6):1243-1250. View abstract.
161. Backhouse SH, Biddle SJ, Bishop NC, Williams C. Caffeine ingestion, affect and perceived exertion during prolonged cycling. Appetite 2011;57:247-52. View abstract.
162. Doherty, M. and Smith, P. M. Effects of caffeine ingestion on rating of perceived exertion during and after exercise: a meta-analysis. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2005;15(2):69-78. View abstract.
163. Bottoms L, Greenhalgh A, Gregory K. The effect of caffeine ingestion on skill maintenance and fatigue in epee fencers. J Sports Sci. 2013;31(10):1091-9. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2013.764466. Epub 2013 5. View abstract.
164. Kim SW, Bae KY, Shin HY, Kim JM, Shin IS, Kim JK, Kang G, Yoon JS. Caffeine counteracts impairments in task-oriented psychomotor performance induced by chlorpheniramine: a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study. J Psychopharmacol. 2013 Jan;27(1):62-70. doi: 10.1177/0269881112450784. Epub 2012 20. View abstract.
165. Miller B, O’Connor H, Orr R, Ruell P, Cheng HL, Chow CM. Combined caffeine and carbohydrate ingestion: effects on nocturnal sleep and exercise performance in athletes. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2014 Dec;114(12):2529-37. doi: 10.1007/s00421-014-2973-z. Epub 2014 13. View abstract.
166. O’Rourke, M. P., O’Brien, B. J., Knez, W. L., and Paton, C. D. Caffeine has a small effect on 5-km running performance of well-trained and recreational runners. J Sci Med Sport 2008;11(2):231-233. View abstract.
167. Stevenson, E. J., Hayes, P. R., and Allison, S. J. The effect of a carbohydrate-caffeine sports drink on simulated golf performance. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2009;34(4):681-688. View abstract.
168. Foskett, A., Ali, A., and Gant, N. Caffeine enhances cognitive function and skill performance during simulated soccer activity. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc.Metab 2009;19(4):410-423. View abstract.
169. Gant, N., Ali, A., and Foskett, A. The influence of caffeine and carbohydrate coingestion on simulated soccer performance. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc.Metab 2010;20(3):191-197. View abstract.
170. Ganio, M. S., Johnson, E. C., Klau, J. F., Anderson, J. M., Casa, D. J., Maresh, C. M., Volek, J. S., and Armstrong, L. E. Effect of ambient temperature on caffeine ergogenicity during endurance exercise. Eur.J Appl.Physiol 2011;111(6):1135-1146. View abstract.
171. Mathew, O. P. Apnea of prematurity: pathogenesis and management strategies. J Perinatol. 2011;31(5):302-310. View abstract.
172. Del Coso J, Portillo J, Muñoz G, Abián-Vicén J, Gonzalez-Millán C, Muñoz-Guerra J. Caffeine-containing energy drink improves sprint performance during an international rugby sevens competition. Amino Acids. 2013 ;44(6):1511-9. doi: 10.1007/s00726-013-1473-5. Epub 2013 5. View abstract.
173. Schrader P, Panek LM, Temple JL. Acute and chronic caffeine administration increases physical activity in sedentary adults. Nutr Res. 2013 Jun;33(6):457-63. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2013.04.003. Epub 2013 10. View abstract.
174. Institute of Medicine. Caffeine for the Sustainment of Mental Task Performance: Formulations for Military Operations. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2001. Available at: http://books.nap.edu/books/0309082587/html/index.html.
175. Paton, C. D., Hopkins, W. G., and Vollebregt, L. Little effect of caffeine ingestion on repeated sprints in team-sport athletes. Med.Sci.Sports Exerc. 2001;33(5):822-825. View abstract.
176. Williams, A. D., Cribb, P. J., Cooke, M. B., and Hayes, A. The effect of ephedra and caffeine on maximal strength and power in resistance-trained athletes. J Strength.Cond.Res 2008;22(2):464-470. View abstract.
177. Woolf, K., Bidwell, W. K., and Carlson, A. G. Effect of caffeine as an ergogenic aid during anaerobic exercise performance in caffeine naive collegiate football players. J Strength Cond.Res 2009;23(5):1363-1369. View abstract.
178. Desbrow, B., Barrett, C. M., Minahan, C. L., Grant, G. D., and Leveritt, M. D. Caffeine, cycling performance, and exogenous CHO oxidation: a dose-response study. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009;41(9):1744-1751. View abstrac
179. Skinner, T. L., Jenkins, D. G., Coombes, J. S., Taaffe, D. R., and Leveritt, M. D. Dose response of caffeine on 2000-m rowing performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2010;42(3):571-576. View abstract.
180. Serra-Grabulosa, J. M., Adan, A., Falcon, C., and Bargallo, N. Glucose and caffeine effects on sustained attention: an exploratory fMRI study. Hum.Psychopharmacol. 2010;25(7-8):543-552. View abstract
181. Capek, S. and Guenther, R. K. Caffeine’s effects on true and false memory. Psychol.Rep. 2009;104(3):787-795. View abstract.
182. Smillie, L. D. and Gokcen, E. Caffeine enhances working memory for extraverts. Biol Psychol. 2010;85(3):496-498. View abstract.
183. 91080             Smith AP. Caffeine, extraversion and working memory. J Psychopharmacol. 2013 ;27(1):71-6. doi: 10.1177/0269881112460111. Epub 2012 26. View abstract.
184. Suleman A, Siddiqui NH. Haemodynamic and cardiovascular effects of caffeine. Medicine On Line Int J Medicine 2000.
185. Sinclair CJ, Geiger JD. Caffeine use in sports. A pharmacological review. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2000;40:71-9. View abstract.
186. Haller CA, Jacob P 3rd, Benowitz NL. Pharmacology of ephedra alkaloids and caffeine after single-dose dietary supplement use. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2002;71:421-32. View abstract
187. Nurminen ML, Niittynen L, Korpela R, Vapaatalo H. Coffee, caffeine and blood pressure: a critical review. Eur J Clin Nutr 1999;53:831-9. View abstract.
188. Kamimori GH, Penetar DM, Headley DB, et al. Effect of three caffeine doses on plasma catecholamines and alertness during prolonged wakefulness. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2000;56:537-44.. View abstract.
189. 2718Migliardi JR, Armellino JJ, Friedman M, et al. Caffeine as an analgesic adjuvant in tension headache. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1994;56:576-86. View abstract
190. Smith A. Effects of caffeine on human behavior. Food Chem Toxicol 2002;40:1243-55. View abstract.
191. Institute of Medicine. Caffeine for the Sustainment of Mental Task Performance: Formulations for Military Operations. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2001. Available at: http://books.nap.edu/books/0309082587/html/index.html.
192. Information from PL Thomas (distributor of ZumXR)and applicant
193. Patent on “Sustained Release Beads and Suspensions Including the Same for Sustained Delivery of Active Ingredients”, Patent No. US 9,381,160 5, 2016
194. Letter from applicant
195. Vahedi K, Domingo V, Amarenco P, Bousser MG. Ischemic stroke in a sportsman who consumed MaHuang extract and creatine monohydrate for bodybuilding. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr 2000;68:112-3. View abstract.
196. Haller CA, Benowitz NL. Adverse cardiovascular and central nervous system events associated with dietary supplements containing ephedra alkaloids. N Engl J Med 2000;343:1833-8. View abstrac
197. Kockler DR, McCarthy MW, Lawson CL. Seizure activity and unresponsiveness after hydroxycut ingestion. Pharmacotherapy 2001;21:647-51. View abstract.

Ashwagandha root extract (KSM-66)  

198. Bucci LR. Selected herbals and human exercise performance. Am J Clin Nutr 2000 72(suppl):624S–36S.paper
199. Singh N, Nath R, Lata A, et al. Withania somnifera (ashwagandha), a rejuvenating herbal drug which enhances survival during stress (an adaptogen). Int J Crude Drug Res 1982 20:29-35.paper
200. Mishra LC, Singh BB, Dagenais S. Scientific basis for the therapeutic use of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha): A review. Altern Med Rev 20005:334-346.Db 11301 and paper 4
201. Provino R. The role of adaptogens in stress management. Australian Journal of Medical Herbalism2010 22: 41-49. paper
202. Dhuley JN. Adaptogenic and cardioprotective action of Ashwagandha in rats and frogs. J Ethanopharmacol 2000 70: 57-63. paper
203. Raut AA, Rege NN, Tadvi FM, Solanki PV, Kene KR, Shirolkar SG, Pandey SN, Vaidya RA, Vaidya AB. Exploratory study to evaluate tolerability, safety, and activity of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) in healthy volunteers. J Ayur Integrative Med 20123: 109-172. Paper
204. Sandhu JS, Shah B, Shenoy S, Chauhan S, Lavekar GS, Padhi MM. Effects of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) and Terminalia arjuna (Arjuna) on physical performance and cardiorespiratory endurance in healthy young adults. Int J Ayurveda Res 2010 1:144-149. Paper

205.      Zovco Koncic M, Tomczyk, M. New Insights into Dietary Supplements Used in Sport: Active Substances, Pharmacological and Side Effects. Current Drug Targets 2013 14:1079-1092.Paper

206. Alam N, Monzur H, Khalil I, Moniruzzaman M, Sulaiman SA, Gan HS. Recent advances in elucidating the biological properties of Withania somnifera and its potential role in health benefits. Phytochem Res Published online by Springer: DOI 10.1007/s11101-011-9221-5. 2011.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11101-011-9221-5#page-1Paper
207. Archana R, Namasivayam A. Antistressor effect of Withania somnifera. J Ethnopharmacol 1999 64:91-3. View abstract. Paper and db 3711
208. Kulkarni SK, Dhir A. Withania somnifera: An Indian ginseng. Progress inNeuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry 2008 32: 1093–1105. Paper
209. Chandrasekhar K, Kapoor J, Anishetty S. A prospective, randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study of safety and efficacy of a high-concentration full-spectrum extract of ashwagandha root in reducing stress and anxiety in adults. Indian J Psychol Med 2012 34:255-62. Paper
210. Dongre S. Efficacy and Safety of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) Root Extract in Improving Sexual Function in Women: a double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled study. The electronic version of this article is at: http://www.harmonyforwomen.com/clinicals/ksm.pdf Paper
211. Ambiye VR, Langade D, Dongre S, Aptikar P, Kulkarni M, Dongre A. Clinical Evaluation of the Spermatogenic Activity of the Root Extract of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) in Oligospermic Males: A Pilot Study.  Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine Volume 2013, Article ID 571420, 6 pages. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/571420 Paper
212. Choudhary B, Shetty A, Langade DG. Efficacy of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera [L.] Dunal) in improving cardiorespiratory endurance in healthy athletic adults. 2015 36(1):63-8. doi: 10.4103/0974-8520.169002.
213. Chapman, PP, Whitehead JR, Binkkert RH. The 225-lb reps-to fatigue test as a submaximal estimate of 1-RM bench-press performance in college football players. J Strength Con Res 1998 12:258-261. Paper
214. Brzycki M. Strength testing: predicting a one-rep max from repetitions to fatigue. JOPERD 1993 64:88-90. Paper
215. Upton R, ed. Ashwagandha Root (Withania somnifera): Analytical, quality control, and therapeutic monograph. Santa Cruz, CA: American Herbal Pharmacopoeia 2000:1-25. Db3710
216. Bhattacharya SK, Satyan KS, Ghosal S. Antioxidant activity of glycowithanolides from Withania somnifera. Indian J Exp Biol 1997;35: 236-9. View abstract.
217. Dasgupta A, Peterson A, Wells A, Actor JK. Effect of Indian Ayurvedic medicine Ashwagandha on measurement of serum digoxin and 11 commonly monitored drugs using immunoassays: study of protein binding and interaction with Digibind. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2007 131: 1298-303. View abstract. Db 11301
218. Davis L, Kuttan G. Effect of Withania somnifera on cyclophosphamide-induced urotoxicity. Cancer Lett 2000 148:9-17. View abstract. Db 3711
219. Davis L, Kuttan G. Suppressive effect of cyclophosphamide-induced toxicity by Withania somnifera extract in mice. J Ethnopharmacol 1998 62:209-14. View abstract
220. Cooley K, Szczurko O, Perri D, et al. Naturopathic care for anxiety: a randomized controlled trial ISRC TN78958974. PLoS One 2009 4:e6628. View abstract.
221. Sud Khyati S, Thaker B. A randomized double blind placebo controlled study of ashwagandha on generalized anxiety disorder. Int Ayurvedic Med J 2013 1(5):1-7.
222. Andallu B, Radhika B. 2000. Hypoglycemic, diuretic and hypocholesterolemic effect of winter cherry (Withania somnifera, Dunal) root. Indian J Exp Biol 38:607-9.
223. Choudhary, D., Bhattacharyya, S., Joshi, K., “Body Weight Management in Adults Under Chronic Stress through Treatment with Ashwagandha Root Extract: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial”, Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine 2106 22 96-106.
224. Choudhary, B., Shetty, A., Langade, D.G., “Efficacy of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal) in improving cardiorespiratory endurance in healthy adults”, AYU, Journal of Research in Ayurveda 2015Vol 36 1: 63-68
225. Sachin, W., Langade, D., Joshi, K., Sinha, S.R., Bhattacharyya, S., “Examining the effects of Withania somnifera supplementation on muscle strength and recovery: a randomized controlled trial”, Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition 2015 12:43, 11 pages
226. Cooley K, Szczurko O, Perri D, et al. Naturopathic care for anxiety: a randomized controlled trial ISRC TN78958974. PLoS One 2009;4:e6628. View abstract.
227. Agnihotri AP, Sontakke SD, Thawani VR, Saoji A, Goswami VS. Effects of Withania somnifera in patients of schizophrenia: a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled pilot trial study. Indian J Pharmacol. 2013 45(4):417-8. View abstract.
228. Chengappa KN, Bowie CR, Schlicht PJ, Fleet D, Brar JS, Jindal R. Randomized placebo-controlled adjunctive study of an extract of withania somnifera for cognitive dysfunction in bipolar disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2013 74(11):1076-83. View abstract.
229. McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R, Goldberg A, eds. American Herbal Products Association’s Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, LLC 1997.

Eurycoma Longifolia

230. Tambi MI, Imran MK, Henkel RR. Standardized water-soluble extract of Eurycoma longifolia, Tongkat ali, as testosterone booster for managing men with late-onset hypogonadism? Andrologia 2011 Jun 15. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.2011.01168.x. [Epub ahead of print] . View abstract.
231. Tambi MI, Imran MK. Eurycoma longifolia jack in managing idiopathic male infertility. J Androl 2010;12:376-80. View abstract
232. Tambi MI, Imran MK, Henkel RR. Standardised water-soluble extract of Eurycoma longifolia, Tongkat ali, as testosterone booster for managing men with late-onset hypogonadism? Andrologia 2011 Jun 15. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.2011.01168.x. [Epub ahead of print]. View abstract.
233. Talbott, S., Talbott, J., Negrete, J., Jones, M., Roza, J., “Effect of Eurycoma longifolia Extract on Anabolic Balance During Endurance Exercise”, J of Intl Soc of Sport Med (2006), 1 page
234. Hamzah S and A Yusof. The ergogenic effects of Eurycoma longifolia Jack: a pilot study. British Journal of Sports Medicine 2003;37(5):465-466.
235. Muhamad AS, Chen CK, Ooi FK, and et al. Effects of Eurycoma longifolia Jack Supplementation on Recreational Athletes’ Endurance Running Capacity and Physiological Responses in the Heat. International Journal of Applied Sports Sciences 2010;22(1):119.
236. Jiwajinda S, Santisopasri V, Murakami A, et al. In vitro anti-tumor promoting and anti-parasitic activities of the quassinoids from Eurycoma longifolia, a medicinal plant in Southeast Asia. J Ethnopharmacol 2002;82:55-8. View abstract.
237. Bedir E, Abou-Gazar H, Ngwendson JN, Khan IA. Eurycomaoside: a new quassinoid-type glycoside from the roots of Eurycoma longifolia. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2003;51:1301-3. View abstract.
238. Ang HH, Cheang HS. Effects of Eurycoma longifolia jack on laevator ani muscle in both uncastrated and testosterone-stimulated castrated intact male rats. Arch Pharm Res 2001;24:437-40. View abstract.
239. Tambi MI, Imran MK, Henkel RR. Standardized water-soluble extract of Eurycoma longifolia, Tongkat ali, as testosterone booster for managing men with late-onset hypogonadism? Andrologia 2011 Jun 15. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.2011.01168.x. [Epub ahead of print] . View abstract.
240. Zanoli P, Zavatti M, Montanari C, Baraldi M. Influcence of Eurycoma longifolia on the copulatory activity of sexually sluggish and impotenet male rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2009;126:308-13. View abstract.
241. Ang HH, Sim MK. Eurycoma longifolia Jack enhances libido in sexually experienced male rats. Exp Anim 1997;46:287-90. View abstract.
242. Ang HH, Ngai TH. Aphrodisiac evaluation in non-copulator male rats after chronic administration of Eurycoma longifolia Jack. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2001;15:265-8. View abstract.
243. Ang HH, Ikeda S, Gan EK. Evaluation of the potency activity of aphrodisiac in Eurycoma longifolia Jack. Phytother Res 2001;15:435-6. View abstract.
244. Ang HH, Cheang HS, Yusof AP. Effects of Eurycoma longifolia Jack (Tongkat Ali) on the initiation of sexual performance of inexperienced castrated male rats. Exp Anim 2000;49:35-8. View abstract.
245. Ang HH, Lee KL. Effect of Eurycoma longifolia Jack on orientation activities in middle-aged male rats. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2002;16:479-83. View abstract.
246. Bhat R, Karmin AA. Tongkat ali (Eurycoma longifolia jack): a review on its ethnobotany and pharmacological importance. Fitoterapia 2010;81:669-79. View abstract.
247. Wahab NA, Mokhtar NM, Halim WN, Das S. The effect of Eurycoma longifolia jack on spermatogenesis in estrogen-treated rats. Clinics 2010;65:93-8. View abstract.
248. Qinna N, Taha H, Matalka KZ, Badwan AA. A new herbal combination, Etana, for enhancing erectile function: an efficacy and safety study in animals. International Journal of Impotence Research 2009;21:315-20. View abstract.
249. Ang HH, Cheang HS. Studies on the anxiolytic activity of Eurycoma longifolia Jack roots in mice. Jpn J Pharmacol 1999;79:497-500. View abstract.

Shilajit

250. Ghosal S. Shilajit in Perspective. Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi India 2006.
251. Wilson E, Rajamanickam GV, Dubey GP, et al. Review on shilajit used in traditional Indian medicine. J Ethnopharmacol 2011 136: 1–9.
252. Schepetkin I, Khebnikov A, Kwon BS. Medical drugs from humus matter: focus on mumie. Drug Devel Res 2002 57: 140–159.
253. Acharya SB, Frontan MH, Goel RK, et al. Pharmacology of shilajit. Ind J Expt 2007 Biol 1988 26: 775–777.
254. Schepetkin IA, Khebnikov AI, Ah SY, et al. Characterization and biological activities of humic substances from mumie. J Agric Food Chem 2003 51: 5245–5254.
255. Sharma P, Jha J, Shrinivas V, et al. Shilajit: Evaluation of its effects on blood chemistry of normal human subjects. Ancient Sci Life 2003 23: 114–119.
256. Raju S. 2012. PrimaVieW. Technical Data Report. Natreon, Inc., 20 Janine Place, New Brunswick, NJ 08901.
257. Stohs S. Phytother Res. 2014 28(4):475-9. doi: 10.1002/ptr.5018. 2013
258. Biswas TK, Pandit S, Mondal S, et al. Clinical evaluation of spermatogenic activity of processed shilajit in oligospermia. Andrologia 2009 42: 48–56.
259. Goel RK, Banerjee RS, Acharya SB. Antiulcerogenic and anti-inflammatory Studies with shilajit. J Ethnopharmacol 1990 29: 95–103
260. Baumik S, Chattopadhyay S, Ghosal S. Effect of shilajit on mouse peritoneal macrophages. Phytother 1993 Res 7: 425–427.
261. Ghosal S, Baumik S, Chattopadhyay S. Shilajit inducedmorphometric and functional changes in mouse peritoneal macrophages. Phytother Res 1995 9: 194–198.
262. Bhattacharayya S, Pal D, Banerjee D, et al. Shilajit dibenzo-apyrones: mitochondria targeted antioxidants. Pharmacologyonline 2009 2: 690–698.
263. Bhattacharayya S, Pal D, Gupta AK, et al. Beneficial effect of processed shilajit on swimming exercise induced impaired energy status of mice. Pharmacologyonline 2009 1: 817–825.
264. Surapaneni DK, Adapa SR, Preeti K, et al. Shilajit attenuates behavioral symptoms of chronic fatigue syndrome by modulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and mitochondrial bioenergetics in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2012 143: 91–99

265. Visser SA. Effect of humic acid substances on mitochondrial respiration and oxidative phosphorylation. Sci Total Environ 1987 62: 347–354.
266. Park JS, Kim GY, Han K. The spermatogenic and ovogenic effects of chronically administered shilajit to rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2006 107: 349–353
267. Kumar MR, Reddy AG, Anjaneyulu Y, Reddy GD. Oxidative stress induced by lead and antioxidant potential of certain adaptogens in poultry. Toxicol Int 2010 17: 45–48.
268. Bhattacharaya SK. Shilajit attenuates streptozotocin induced diabetes mellitus and decreases pancreatic islet superoxide dismutase activity in rats. Phytother Res 1995 9: 41–44.
269. Kelginbaev NS, Sorokina VA, Stefandu AC, Ismailova VN. Treatment of long tubular bone fractures with mumie andpreparation and experimental and clinical conditions. Exp Surg Anesth 1973 18: 31–35.
270. Anisimov VE, Shakirzyanova RM. Application of mumie in therapeutic practice (in Russian). Kazan Med Zh 1982 63: 65–68.
271. Al-Hamaidi A, Saleh RA, Bedaiwy MA. Safe use of shilajit during pregnancy in female mice. Online J Bio l Sci 2003 3: 681–684.

STRONGSCIENCE® is a third-party certification mark certifying that this product’s claims, dosing, and safety have been scientifically reviewed and are science-backed. Scanning the QR next to the certification mark brings you to this product page. Showing you the certification mark level and the claims or dosage that have been scientifically reviewed. In addition, see the status of the certification, certified date, renewal date, product-specific registration # and more. Easily accessible are the product overview, ingredients, and most importantly Research Transparency™. Here you shall find the references used when researching the science behind the product that was certified. We provide additional product information so you can make a better buying decision. Click the Buy Now link to order online.